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It’s no secret that electronics products are being asked to do more, pushing the boundaries of technological capabilities. Next-gen consumer products like flexible wearables and foldable mobile devices are proving themselves to be more than a fad, with start-ups and major companies alike booming on the market for the past few years.
In July, Samsung announced 2021 foldable phone sales were up 300% from 2020, at more than 10 million phones. Samsung’s Galaxy Z Flip3 Bespoke Edition foldable smartphone even won the “Best of Innovation” award at CES 2022, along with Abbott’s FreeStyle Libre 3 wearable diabetes monitoring system. These products represent the current state of a convergence of evolving consumer interests with long-developing advancements in enabling technologies, such as materials and processes.
Electrically-conductive inks are one of the long-developing technologies already being utilized in the design and manufacturing of products ranging from smartphones to automotive, medical devices (like MRI imaging vests), and prototype space suits. High-performance electrically conductive inks can be sorted into a few major categories: solids-based inks incorporating materials such as metal or carbon in some form, particle-free metal complex inks, and conductive polymer inks.
Full disclosure: I’m a founding member of NovaCentrix, and our team has developed a range of nanoparticle-metal-based conducting inks going back to the early 2000s. That said, I also see great advancements and opportunities for the other types of inks as well. It’s important to note that inks are generally formulated to be applied with a specific printing technology, and a non-exhaustive list includes screen printing, inkjet, aerosol jet, flexographic, and gravure. Inks are formulated for attributes such as optimal conductive performance, substrate adhesion, shelf stability, and for use in a specific print method.
State-of-the-Art Conductive Inks
While conductive screen-printed pastes—such as for solar cells, or onto polyimide such as for computer keyboards—are not new, 25 years ago the use of conductive inks outside those applications was rare. The DARPA MICE (Mesoscopic Integrated Conformal Electronics) program of the late 1990s and early 2000s dramatically re-evaluated the possibilities of electrically-conductive inks. Since then, the ability to widely and cost-effectively produce new materials such as nanomaterials, and the proliferation of advanced chemistries and polymer science, has led to profound progress demonstrated by modern inks.
To read this entire article, which appeared in the October 2022 issue of Design007 Magazine, click here.
